1. Proposing the problem

The chapter “The nature of the whole country is spoken of” is the most difficult chapter in the book “Mencius”. This chapter says:

(Mencius said) The nature of the whole country is so clear, so it is based on profit. Those who are evil in wise are the consequences of their wiseness. Just like the wise, if Yu was walking in the water, he would be invincible without any wickedness. When Yu was traveling to the water, he did nothing to do. If a wise person does nothing, then wisdom will be great. The sky is high and the stars are far away. If you look for the reason, the day you arrives a thousand years ago, you can sit and get there.

For this chapter, it has been in the Song DynastySince many scholars have argued, there are many differences in the explanations. Zhu Zi once replied to the meaning of this chapter with his doorman. The Jiuqing said that this chapter “many people do not understand the beginning and end of the text”, while Jiao Xun’s “Zhengyi” compiled a variety of explanations. Fu Sinian once said that he could not understand this chapter, but Xu Hui suddenly believed that “all the advisors from now on have been very strongly paid attention to it.”2. It can be seen that this chapter of Mencius is difficult to explain, and it is a matter of no dispute. Since the book “Personal Discussion” (i.e. Guo Dian’s “Self-Personal Debutment”) was packed up and published, the problem of how to solve this chapter of “Mencius” has been reactivated, and more than ten related articles have been published in the academic community. However, in the opinion of writers, the current research and discussions have not stopped the old dispute, but have added a new battle.

After reading the relevant commentary, the author believes that there is a need to sort out and review the ancient and modern annotations and commentaries of the ancients and the relevant explanations of the ancients. To be honest, the annotations of the predecessors can be divided into three categories, one from Zhaoqi to Ercheng and Zhuzi, one is the Jiujing, and the other is the Qing people. The Qing people’s atmosphere was not restricted and had many opinions. It is common to criticize future generations and criticize each other. After the ancients’ commentary was published in the Chu Zhu’s book “Personal Discussion” (“Nature Being Self-Debuted”), students expressed many opinions on the chapter “Mencius” “The whole country’s words of nature” and the bamboo book “The reality is because of it.” However, to the viewer, it seems that there is no explanation or view in this that is admirable.

To understand, the following academic issues still need to be discussed: First, sort out and analyze Zhu Xuan’s explanation and view of the chapter “Mencius’s words of nature”; Second, discuss “The nature of nature is the reason” from the head, and thus examine the new interpretation of contemporary scholars’ chapter “Mencius’s words of nature”; Third, explore the original meaning of the chapter “Mencius’s words of nature” and agree on Zhu Xuan’s explanation. To explore the original meaning of the chapter “The nature of the nation”, the following questions are often critical: First, Mencius’s attitude of “The nature of the nation” is to be determined and denied? Second, what is the meaning of the first two words “公” in the chapter? Can the second two words “公” be the same as the first two words “公”? Third, can Mencius’ determination of the word “公” be determined and denied? How should the word “公” be solved in this chapter? These questions directly concern how we understand the original meaning of this chapter of “公”. This article will focus on discussing and answering these questions from the beginning in the bamboo book “Self-Presentment” (“Character Discussion”.

2. The interpretation from Zhu Lu to the ancients

(I) Zhu Lu’s interpretation from Donghan to Song Dynasty, the interpretation of the chapter “The Words of the Country” in “Mencius: Leaving the World” can be divided into two factions, one faction is Zhaoqi, Cheng Yichuan and Zhu Zi,Zhu Zi is the representative; one school is the sect and the nine purs of the lunar calendar, and the nine purs of the lunar calendar is the representative. The explanations of these two schools have a profound impact on future generations. Among them, Mencius maintained a certain degree of determination and denial for the three sentences of “The Unknown” “The Nation of the World”, which was the primary problem that the two schools explained. The differences in the interpretation of the characters “典” and “典” also affect people’s understanding of the meaning of this chapter of “Mencius”.

Zhu Zi’s explanation is the result of inheriting Zhaoqi and Cheng Zi and making changes. Zhaoqi’s “Notes” is seen in “Thirteen Notes and Commentaries” 3, Yichuan’s explanation is important in “Mencius Essence” 4, and Zhu Zi’s explanation is seen in “Collected Notes on Mencius Chapters and Sentences” and “Zhu Zi’s Words” Volume 57 and Volume 595. To put it bluntly, the explanation of the three sentences is like this: First, for the three sentences “The nature of the whole country is so clear, so profit is the basis”, all three believe that Mencius had a certain degree of determination. This is very important, and it lays the foundation for the whole chapter’s explanation. Secondly, the three are based on the purpose of this chapter of Mencius to “all develop for wisdom”, but there are minor differences: Zhao said it lightly, Cheng Zi said it heavy, and Zhu Zi said it doubled the pen. Again, for the word “公”, Zhaoshi’s training is “公公公公” and Yichuan’s training is “公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公� href=”https://www.twstory.online/Tom/%e7%8d%b5%e8%b1%94%e5%a4%96%e8%ab%87-%e5%8c%85%e9%a4%8a%e7%b6%b2%e7%ab%99%e7%9a%84% e4%b8%80%e4%ba%9b%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e5%bf%83%e5%be%97/”>彩子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子子� As for his old age, Zhu Zi directly covered the explanation of this chapter under the theoretical concept of personality. Fina