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Confucius’s revelation of “Sympathy and Differences”
Author: Yao Haifeng
Source: Author Author Authorized Confucian Network, Original “Walking into Confucius (Chinese and English)” No. 6, 2024
Confucius, as the ultimate representative of Chinese civilization, has multiple components. The Song people said, “Heaven does not give birth to Zhong Ni, and thousands of ancient times are as long as the night.” The ancients said that Confucius was a great thinker, politician, and teacher. Whether it is his broad thinking or his expensive energy and moral character, it is worth learning from later generations. Among the many components of investigation market, Confucius as a teacher is deeply rooted in people’s hearts. Confucius started private school at the end of his age and inherited Xia Wenyi. Confucius’ teaching methods and the learning experience of ordinary people are very likely to occur. The bird was invited by a friend at the last moment. , has the exemplary meaning of traveling through the ages, and can still promote the teaching and learners today.
The Confucius Museum hides from “Confucius Speech Pictures”
There are two key words for Confucius to hold private studies: one is that there are no teachings; the other is that teaching is taught according to the aptitude.
There is no teaching that refers to “those who want to come are not far away, and those who want to go are not stopped” (Xunzi·Fa Xing) and the Master used his broad mind to meet the people who seek Taoism. Confucius said that “I have not yet understood the above by myself” (“Shuer”, the title of “Shuer” later quoted “Shuer”), in order to ensure that the broad teaching rights of the common people are widely taught. As an early private student, Confucius had an unsatisfactory thinking that brought the common-level teaching level into the ranks of the teaching guides, breaking the pain that she could not get out of bed that day in the week. The man who was on a business trip suddenly appeared and was defeated by the noble clan’s teaching guidance rights. In this sense, he is the pioneer who teaches everyone equally. “Historical Records: The Family of Confucius” says: “Confucius teaches “Prayers”, “Books”, “Letters” and “Less”, and there are three thousand doors.” You can see the vastness of doors and the vastness of education. If you observe the family name of the door, you can see that the Kongmen was born from Ru, Qi, Wei, Song, Chen, etc. of the ages. Analyzing the family of students, we can see that there are both high-ranking officials and popular common people. Confucius treated all students with colleagues, had no teachings, and paid a lot of money. The rise of private learning brings out the civilized feast of the hundreds of schools of thought in the pre-Qin period.
Teaching according to aptitude refers to teaching the different methods and levels of the instructors due to differences in personality, abilities, learning basis, reception level, etc., to strengthen the personalization and acceptance of the teaching, so as to ensure the usefulness of teaching. Confucius realized the importance of teaching concepts and teaching methods.We should practice the concepts, strategies and methods of teaching according to our aptitude, and practice them in specific teaching.
Through the notes of the classics such as “Theory”, “Confucius’ Family”, “Xunzi”, “Korean Poetry Exposition”, and “Shiyuan”, we can see that Confucius’ teaching methods are flexible and flexible but never leave their roots. Its teaching is mostly conducted with one-to-one interactive questions or one-to-many discussions, which is based on the question-and-answer recommendations and discussion-based teaching. By sorting out Confucius and the students’ questions and answers, we found that Confucius did not pre-standardly, and showed the personality and style of students’ answers. From the perspective of teaching consequences, the students trained by Confucius are not “standard products” online, but living people with unique personalities and strengths. Reflecting on Confucius’ teaching scenes of “similar questions and differences” will have great revelations on today’s teaching teaching tasks.
1. Symposium answers differently, reflecting differences in the status of door students
The book “Onlines” is a linguistic work that records Confucius’ answers to door students and people’s questions. Among them, the answers and scope are extremely broad, including all aspects of social career. In general, there are three aspects: being a person, learning, and politics, and they especially value being a person. The questions involved include filial piety, benevolence, wisdom, clarity, conduct, politics, friends, intercourse, attitude, opinion, social, death, habit, food, adulthood, adulthood, good schooling, correct people, serve the king, benevolence, speaking of the word, asking about this behavior, asking the foundation of gifts, asking about ghosts and gods, asking about evil people, and valorizing morality and discerning confusion. Because many questions were concentrated, Confucius taught students according to his aptitude and did not respond with a “standard” approach, and adopted the method of answering different questions. This sufficiently reflects Confucius’ attention to the students’ questions, his clarity on the differences in the students’ individuals, and his correct understanding of teaching rules.
The topic is more concentrated and should be filial. Meng Yizi, Meng Wubo, Ziyou and Zixia once asked Confucius for filial piety, but Confucius’ answers were all different. Meng Yizi asked filial piety, and Confucius only answered briefly with the word “no violation”. It is probably because Meng Yizi has already grasped the meaning of “no violation”, so he did not follow up with a step further, and Confucius did not apply for a step further. Some were worried that Meng Yizi did not have the deep meaning of “no violation”, or it was based on the teachings of another student Fan Hao, or it was both, Confucius explained this problem to Fan Hao and followed a step forward: “If you live, you should serve him as a gift; if you die, you should be buried as a gift, and you should be worshipped as a gift.” (“Suzheng”) According to the “Historical Records: The Family of Confucius”, Meng Yizi learned to worship from Confucius after his father passed away. Meng Yizi asked filial piety, Confucius said to his parentsLife is marked with four characters, and for “death”, the eight characters are marked with eight characters, which specifically emphasizes the gifts of ceremonies and sacrifices. When Meng Yi’s son Meng Wubo asked about filial piety, Confucius replied, “Parents are only worried about their illnesses” (“Su Zheng”). There are differences in understanding this term. Is it the illness of parents who are worried about their descendants or the illness of their parents who are worried about their parents. ? Nothing is appropriate. Some people even understand the “disease” as “disease” (disadvantages) of “I have illnesses”. The author thinks that parents are worried about the “disadvantages” of their descendants, which is inappropriate. Using the example of “Ask of Filial Piety” in “Theory”, it is to emphasize the responsibility of future generations to parents, and this filial piety is now concerned about their parents’ illnesses. Due to the lack of historical records, I wonder if Meng Wubo’s parents can have poor pregnancy Baobao.com comparison situation, but based on Confucius’ teaching principles of teaching according to his aptitude, this matter is very capable.
Zilu and Ran You asked “to hear this story”, and Confucius’ answer was completely different: Zilu heard something, when he asked his father and brother, instead of doing it immediately; Ran You heard something, when he did it immediately. In this regard, the Minister of the People’s Republic of China was puzzled by this. Confucius explained: ZiBaobao.com VIP Because his personality is too aggressive, Lu is prone to turbulent and violent in his work. In order to suppress him, he answered that he would not hear it and do it. He asked his father and brother first, and then did it. Because Ran You retreated and was proficient and gentle in his work, so Confucius encouraged him. When he heard it, he should do it immediately to adjust his work. href=”https://twsugarlover.org/”>benefiting initiative. It can be seen that Confucius teaches students according to their aptitude and is based on the overall grasp of the temperament of the door, and the foundation is a useful guide for the door behavior.
The logic behind Confucius’ “Sympathy Differences” is the connection between the problem and the bottom of the problem. This also shows the difference and reconciliation of the door student’s own situation, as well as C TC:
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